Islamic art is not only found in mosques and palaces, but also in the homes and streets of Muslim countries. Many everyday objects, such as bowls, carpets, lamps, buses, and clothes, are decorated with various artistic techniques and motifs that reflect the Islamic culture and values.
One of the main features of Islamic decoration is the use of geometric patterns, which create intricate and harmonious designs based on mathematical principles. These patterns symbolize the order and unity of the universe, as well as the infinite nature of God. They can be found on tiles, metalwork, woodwork, and textiles, as well as on architectural elements such as domes, arches, and walls.
Another feature of Islamic decoration is the use of vegetal patterns, which depict stylized forms of plants, flowers, leaves, and vines. These patterns are also known as arabesques, and they represent the abundance and diversity of nature, which is a gift from God. They can be combined with geometric patterns or used separately, as in the case of floral motifs on ceramics, ivories, and textiles.
A third feature of Islamic decoration is the use of calligraphy, or the art of beautiful writing, as a form of decoration and expression. Calligraphy is considered the highest form of Islamic art, as it reflects the divine origin of the Qur’an, the holy book of Islam. Calligraphic inscriptions can be found on almost any object, from coins and jewelry to buildings and manuscripts. They can include verses from the Qur’an, prayers, names, titles, or phrases of praise.
A fourth feature of Islamic decoration is the use of figural representation, or the depiction of human and animal forms, in a limited and selective way. Islamic art mostly avoids figurative images to avoid
becoming objects of worship, but some objects, especially those used for secular purposes, are decorated with lively human and animal figures set individually or in scenes. These figures can be realistic or stylized, and they can reflect the cultural and historical context of the object. For example, some ceramics, textiles, and carpets show scenes of courtly life, hunting, or entertainment.
Islamic decoration is not only a way of beautifying objects, but also a way of expressing the values and beliefs of Islamic culture. Islamic decoration shows the respect and appreciation for the natural and spiritual world, as well as the human and artistic achievements. Islamic decoration also reflects the unity and diversity of the Islamic world, as well as its creativity and adaptability. Islamic decoration can also showcase the heritage and identity of different regions and groups of Muslims. For example, the decorated vehicles in Pakistan and Afghanistan, known as phool patti and jingle trucks, are a form of regional art that display the culture and personality of the drivers and owners. They are often painted with bright colors, geometric patterns, floral motifs, calligraphy, and figurative images. They also have various ornaments and accessories, such as chains, bells, pom poms, and mirrors, that add to their charm and uniqueness.
Islamic art is a living and evolving tradition that continues to adapt and innovate in the modern world. Contemporary Muslim artists use Islamic patterns and motifs to create new forms of expression and challenge ideas about fixed culture. They also use new materials and technologies to explore the possibilities and boundaries of Islamic art. Islamic art is a rich and diverse field that can inspire and delight people of all backgrounds and beliefs.
